75, 000 YA (Years Ago)
- First group of human (homo sapiens sapiens) from Africa (Out of Africa theory) reached the mass land called Sundaland. There were two groups who were genetically different - Haplogroup K2 and Haplogroup C2. K2 is the genetic group of current Negritos and C2 is the genetic group of pure Melanesians.
72, 000 YA
- Mount Toba (in Sumatra) eruption lead to global catastrophic event.
- The gases and fumes were brought towards India and Pakistan causing extinction of human in the region.
- However, some of Sundaland population survived since the gases and fumes didn't effecting some part of Sundaland.
- This event lead to 6 years of nuclear snow and 100 years of cold climate.
- Mount Toba (in Sumatra) eruption lead to global catastrophic event.
- The gases and fumes were brought towards India and Pakistan causing extinction of human in the region.
- However, some of Sundaland population survived since the gases and fumes didn't effecting some part of Sundaland.
- This event lead to 6 years of nuclear snow and 100 years of cold climate.
60, 000 - 45, 000 YA
- Repopulating and populating of India subcontinet and East Asia from Sundaland population.
- K2 group's descendents is Haplogroup NO, which gave rise to Haplogroup O (ancestors of Austronesian, Austroasiatic, Sino-tibetan, Tai-Kadai and Hmong-mien people).
- Repopulating and populating of India subcontinet and East Asia from Sundaland population.
- K2 group's descendents is Haplogroup NO, which gave rise to Haplogroup O (ancestors of Austronesian, Austroasiatic, Sino-tibetan, Tai-Kadai and Hmong-mien people).
46, 000 YA
- the first human group (most probably Haplogroup C2) reached Australia during a window period whereby human can travel from Sundaland to Australia (or Sahul) by foot.
-This group gave rise to the Austroloid people, abrogines of Australia.
- the first human group (most probably Haplogroup C2) reached Australia during a window period whereby human can travel from Sundaland to Australia (or Sahul) by foot.
-This group gave rise to the Austroloid people, abrogines of Australia.
20, 000 YA
- Last glacial maximum.
- Lead to migration from northern part of Sundaland towards the already populated southern part of Sundaland, due to cold climate.
- This lead to fragmentation of human population in South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia (or Sundaland), and in-situ migration (within a the same region).
- Last glacial maximum.
- Lead to migration from northern part of Sundaland towards the already populated southern part of Sundaland, due to cold climate.
- This lead to fragmentation of human population in South Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia (or Sundaland), and in-situ migration (within a the same region).
14, 000 YA
- Sundaland population had attained paddy plantation technology, the earliest known in the world and rearing of animal for domestic use.
- First great flood occured. This lead to separation of Sundaland mass into islands that we know today: Borneo, Java and Sumatra.
- Sundaland population had attained paddy plantation technology, the earliest known in the world and rearing of animal for domestic use.
- First great flood occured. This lead to separation of Sundaland mass into islands that we know today: Borneo, Java and Sumatra.
11, 000 YA
- Second great flood. The flooding had left great impact on Sundaland people especially the ancestor of Austronesian people - acquisition of seafaring skills, stilt house technology and recorded in the legends or manuscripts (e.g. La Galigo) and its culture.
- Perak-Man found in Lenggong valley, Perak shown a smoothed-stone equipment indicating that our region did not undergone Mesolithic or a very brief Mesolithic period and early Neolithic period in our region.
- Second great flood. The flooding had left great impact on Sundaland people especially the ancestor of Austronesian people - acquisition of seafaring skills, stilt house technology and recorded in the legends or manuscripts (e.g. La Galigo) and its culture.
- Perak-Man found in Lenggong valley, Perak shown a smoothed-stone equipment indicating that our region did not undergone Mesolithic or a very brief Mesolithic period and early Neolithic period in our region.
8, 000 YA
- Third and last great flood. Malay peninsular was the last to separated from the rest of Sundaland and still connected to the mainland Southeast Asia by a narrow isthmus - Kra isthmus.
- At this point, it was attested that the Austroasiatic and Austronesia first begun to branch from Austric root.
- With the acquisition of seafaring skills, the Austronesian expansion (of culture, language and people) was made possible.
- The earliest Austronesian expansion was known to be the Melanesia (area of Maluku and Papua).
- This lead to creolisation between Austronesian languages and Melanesian languages and also inter-mixed marriage in the region. Today, most languages in this region belongs to Nuclear Eastern Malayo-Polynesian group, which is the subfamily of Austronesia language family. Genetically, there are degree of mixture between Melanesian haplogroup (C2) and Austronesian haplogroup (O1).
- The earliest known pottery (or claypot) culture found in Southeast Asia.
- Third and last great flood. Malay peninsular was the last to separated from the rest of Sundaland and still connected to the mainland Southeast Asia by a narrow isthmus - Kra isthmus.
- At this point, it was attested that the Austroasiatic and Austronesia first begun to branch from Austric root.
- With the acquisition of seafaring skills, the Austronesian expansion (of culture, language and people) was made possible.
- The earliest Austronesian expansion was known to be the Melanesia (area of Maluku and Papua).
- This lead to creolisation between Austronesian languages and Melanesian languages and also inter-mixed marriage in the region. Today, most languages in this region belongs to Nuclear Eastern Malayo-Polynesian group, which is the subfamily of Austronesia language family. Genetically, there are degree of mixture between Melanesian haplogroup (C2) and Austronesian haplogroup (O1).
- The earliest known pottery (or claypot) culture found in Southeast Asia.
4, 500 YA
- Bronze age achieved in Southeast Asia.
- A bronze drum was found in Terengganu, thought to be from Dong Son, central Vietnam*.
* At that time, central Vietnam was a region of Champa (one of Austronesian people).
- Bronze age achieved in Southeast Asia.
- A bronze drum was found in Terengganu, thought to be from Dong Son, central Vietnam*.
* At that time, central Vietnam was a region of Champa (one of Austronesian people).
2, 500 YA
- Iron Age achieved in Southeast Asia.
- The earliest known site is Sg. Batu, Kedah. Sg Batu was an entreport, exporting iron to India, Middle East and Africa.
- From Arabic travellers, they stated that the most fine swords in the world were: Qala'i (from Kalah i.e. Kedah), Yamani (from Yemen) and Hindi (from India).
- Iron Age achieved in Southeast Asia.
- The earliest known site is Sg. Batu, Kedah. Sg Batu was an entreport, exporting iron to India, Middle East and Africa.
- From Arabic travellers, they stated that the most fine swords in the world were: Qala'i (from Kalah i.e. Kedah), Yamani (from Yemen) and Hindi (from India).
* *Austronesian people was formerly called the Brown race, Malay race, Ocenia race and Malayo-Polynesia race.
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